# Texmaker Dissertation Template Software

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## What is LaTeX?

LaTeX is a document-formatting system based on the TeX language. The LaTeX language is a tag-based markup language for typeset documents, just as HTML is a markup language for Web documents. It provides a powerful, relatively easy-to-use, method for preparing large documents which might include tables of contents and figures, several chapters and appendices, index, and references. LaTeX allows these various portions of the document to be created and numbered with minimal fuss, allowing the author to concentrate on the content rather than the formatting of the document. Because of its extensive mathematical formatting structures, it has also become a publishing standard for scientific and mathematical publications.

LaTeX is implemented by a number of programs that work together to produce a typeset document. These programs include a text file editor of your choice, the latex and pdflatex processors that interpret the markup and formats pages of output, document previewers, and various post-processors that convert intermediate device-independent (DVI) output into Postscript, PDF, or other formats.

## Where can I find LaTeX?

LaTeX is based on open-source code, so is available on most computing platforms as free software. Like Linux, there are various “distributions” of LaTeX. These distributions package up, in various configurations, the suite of programs that make up LaTeX.

On Unix/Linux platforms on the UW campus we use the TeX Live distribution. Linux/Unix users may have heard of a visual editor for LaTeX called LyX. We do not recommend this. See the discussion of Scientific Workplace and LyX below.

Under MacOS, the most popular distribution is Mactex, which also uses TeX Live and supplies the free editor TeXShop.

Under all versions of Windows, we recommend using the MikTeX distribution. TeX Live is also available. MikTeX is not currently on the Waterloo Nexus (Windows) network, but can be installed easily on your own PC. There are many LaTeX editors and graphical "front-ends" for Windows. Most of these are freeware or shareware. Popular ones are Texmaker (cross-platform freeware) and WinEdt (Windows-only shareware). Windows versions are generally designed to work with MikTeX. These editors provide equation and table editors, etc.

There are also some commercial versions of LaTeX. These usually provide some kind of editor or graphical user interface, and integrate the various programs that make up a distribution. Scientific Workplace is a commercial program for Windows that provides a quasi-WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) interface to LaTeX, and so does a good job of hiding the LaTeX markup from the user. This is fine until you have a problem. We believe it's a good idea to understand how LaTeX works first. So if you use Scientific Workplace, please also review the LaTeX course notes. This same advice holds for LyX, a program similar to Scientific Workplace that is available on Linux systems. Use of SWP and LyX also make collaboration with other LaTeX users more difficult because they require exporting to, and importing from, standard LaTeX format.

Of the various types of editors for LaTeX, we recommend Texmaker, or its non-free cousin WinEdt. These editors provide quick access to the various LaTeX commands through drop-down menus and simple interfaces for creating the tricker structures like equations, tables, etc., while not hiding the LaTeX markup. They also provide one-click buttons for processing your document into PS or PDF (once properly configured).

The main repository of TeX and LaTeX source files and packages is the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN).

## LaTeX notes

Getting started with LaTeX for a UWaterloo thesis (PDF)

Notes on creating a UWaterloo E-Thesis with LaTeX (PDF)

## University of Waterloo E-Thesis template

• The following files may be used as a template for a UWaterloo electronic (PDF) thesis. They can be processed as is to create a complete example of a formatted thesis. The text files, .tex and .bib, contain the markup commands and helpful comments about what they do. Please read the comments in these text files for helpful tips. Also note that the example thesis provided is for a PHD thesis, and Masters students should remove the committee page in the front material.
• This template uses the "pdflatex" program to process the "source" text files, and to create PDF directly as the output. Make sure you modify the PDF metadata (in the uw-ethesis.tex file) to identify yourself and your thesis title, since this information gets embedded in the PDF document produced by this template.
• Pdflatex supports the use of TIFF, JPEG, PNG, and PDF embedded graphics.
• Use of pdflatex requires that "pdftex" be specified as the graphics driver option in the "hyperref" and "graphicx" add-on packages. Hyperref provides hyperlinking within your document, and graphicx provides the "\includegraphics" command for embedding graphics.
• You may want to maintain Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) versions of your illustrations as well, since print publications may require those. The "latex" program requires EPS graphics, and this formatter is often used (along with the "dvips" graphics driver) to create Postscript output.

### Thesis template files

Put the below text files in the same folder and process with "pdflatex" and "bibtex".

## Free LaTeX WikiBook

Who wouldn't want a free LaTeX reference book?

## PowerPoint-style presentations with LaTeX

Why waste time re-typing equations in PowerPoint? Try using the Beamer document class to create slide presentations. Beamer is also available at the Comprehensive TeX Archive Net­work (CTAN).

## Scientific workplace (SWP): A commercial LaTeX front-end

SWP is no longer actively distributed or supported at the University of Waterloo.

## Processing Your LaTeX Documents

When using an editor such as TeXmaker, WinEdt, TeXShop, TeXworks, etc., place all of your .tex and .bib files in the same folder, then run pdflatex on your "master" .tex document. Then run other auxiliary programs: bibtex and makeindex that are used to process your bibliography, glossaries and index (if used). Then run pdflatex several more times until all numbering and cross-references warnings are resolved.

You can also run these programs from the command line on any of these systems:

• Edit, e.g., "thesis.tex" to create source document.
• Make sure all of your .tex and .bib files are in the same folder.
• Process your thesis by running the pdflatex, bibtex, and makeindex (if used) programs sequentially:
pdflatex thesis; bibtex thesis; pdflatex thesis; pdflatex thesis

#### LaTeX Template

The original LaTeX thesis template files were developed by Dorothea F. Brosius in 2004 as a result of several requests from graduate students writing their dissertations.   The template currently in use was updated by D. Brosius in August 2017. The software used for Windows-based PC's is Miktex with WinEdt; Apple users can use Texshop.  Although the sample documents were based on parts of the thesis of Bhaskar Khubchandani, who received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland, College Park in the Spring of 2004, the template has been updated and follows "The University of Maryland Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) Style Guide" (pdf). Please note, that the current style guide is presently being updated by the Graduate School.   In addition, the Table of Contents, the List of Figures, the List of Tables, and the Bibliography are now single-spaced; the main text is double-spaced.

The current mainthesis.tex uses the hyperref package which links items in your Table of Contents, List of Figures, and List of Tables to corresponding sections in your thesis.   The links will show in blue when you save your thesis as a pdf file.    I use Miktex and typeset my document using pdflatex, bib, pdflatex, pdflatex.   My figures are usually pdf files; if you use eps files, add \usepackage{epstopdf} to your preamble.

Please email dbrosius@umd.edu if you are actually using the LaTeX template (for my records) and also if you have any problems when submitting your thesis to the Graduate School (margins, indentations, etc.) so adjustments can be made to the template.

All of the files needed for your dissertation can be found in "LatexThesisFiles-2017.7z". All of the files should be placed in the folder with your thesis files. Thesis.cls should not be changed. Mainthesis.tex should not be changed unless you include tables in your thesis, in which case you should delete the % sign on the listoftables line and the newpage line.     Chapter 1 has several tips for inserting tables, figures, theorems, landscape material, and adding your bibliography (using bibtex and natbib).

Insert your own text and figures in the following files: abstract.tex, titlepage.tex, copyright.tex, acknowledgements.tex, dedication.tex, foreword.tex, chapter1.tex, chapter2.tex, etc., appendix.tex, and bibliography.tex. I have included Bhaskar's .eps files from Chapter 2. If you pdf the files as they are, you can see exactly how a thesis using this template will look. The information in Chapter 2 and the Appendix is identical; I simply copied the text to show the difference between the numbering in a chapter and an appendix.

These files contain examples of several types of displayed equations (including arrays), as well as enumerated lists, theorems, axioms, references, tables, and displayed figures.

Please note that you must Latex "mainthesis.tex" twice so the references will be properly shown in the dvi file. The dvi file must be changed to a pdf file before it can be submitted to the Graduate Office.

I hope these files will be useful to you. If you need additional assistance or if this information is unclear, please contact Dottie Brosius at dbrosius at umd.edu or 301-405-4955.

#### LaTeX "How To" Documents

Thanks to Ryan Clary, Ph.D., 2009, for finding this 13-page document on the web explaining several features of LaTex: "LaTex--A Typesetting Program".

Another resource, recommended by Dr. Nicholas Mecholsky, Ph.D., 2010, is "The Not So Short Introduction to LaTex 2ε" (pdf), by Tobias Oetiker, et al.

#### Using Bibtex

Using Bibtex with LaTeX documents is not difficult. The bulk of the work is organizing your Bibtex file, which is a data base compiled by you of the articles, books, etc. which you use in the bibliographies or reference sections of your publications. The file BibtexSamples.tex contains examples of information needed for the different types of references you may wish to use (e.g., articles in refereed journals, books, uinpublished articles, conference proceedings).

Please read the file "bibtex-instructions.pdf". The first two pages explain how to set up and run Bibtex; the remaining pages were taken from a published article and show how the references were cited in the .tex file. The files bibtex-instructions.tex, galactic.bib, and bibtex-samples.tex are the original .tex files used with bibtex-instructions.pdf. The files diorio.bib and griem-bibtex.bib will be helpful when you are using Bibtex.

#### Using NatBib

Another option of citing references in the bibliography is using Natbib instead of Bibtex. You must still create a bibtex file, as noted above. The command "\cite" cannot be used with natbib; instead "\citet" and "\citep" must be used. "\citet" is used to show references in the text (e.g., Eq.\ 8 in Reiser,1996 shows ...); "\citep" is used in the parenthetical (e.g., Eq.\ 8 (Reiser, 1996) shows ...).

Add the following to the preamble of your mainthesis.tex file -- \usepackage[option]{natbib}.   A list of options to be used with Natbib can be found at http://merkel.zoneo.net/Latex/natbib.php.

At the bottom of the mainthesis.tex file add:
\bibliography{name of your bibtex file}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat, abbrnat, or unsrtnat} (I usually use unsrtnat)

I use Miktex and typeset my document using pdflatex, bib, pdflatex, pdflatex.

#### MS Word Template and Instructions

The Thesis and Dissertation Templates for MS Word and the Template Instructions may be downloaded from the Graduate School's website.

#### APS Physical Review Style and Notation Guide

The following style guide may be downloaded from The American Physical Society: Physical Review Style and Notation Guide (pdf), published by The American Physical Society, compiled and edited by Anne Waldron, Peggy Judd, and Valerie Miller, February 1993. It may be old, but it is very useful.

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